The Niagara Movement Organizing for Social Change

Overview   As   Jim Crow laws and de facto segregation became a mainstays in American society, African-Americans sought a variety of ways to fight its oppression. Booker T. Washington emerged as not only an educator but also a financial gatekeeper for African-American organizations seeking support from white philanthropists.   Yet Washingtons philosophy of becoming self-sufficient and not fighting racism was met with opposition by a group of educated African-American men who believed they needed to fight against racial injustice.   Establishment of the Niagara Movement: The Niagara Movement was founded in 1905 by scholar   W.E.B. Du Bois and journalist William Monroe Trotter  who wanted to develop a militant approach to fighting inequality.   Du Bois and Trotter purpose was to assemble at least 50 African-American men who did not agree with the philosophy of accommodation supported by Washington.    The conference was to be held in an upstate New York hotel but when white hotel owners refused to reserve a room for their meeting, the men met on the Canada side of Niagara Falls. From this first meeting of almost thirty African-American business owners, teachers and other professionals, the Niagara Movement was formed. Key Achievements: First national African-American organization which aggressively petitioned for the civil rights of African-Americans.Published the newspaper Voice of the Negro.Led several successful local efforts to end discrimination in United States society.Planted the seeds to establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Philosophy: Invitations were originally sent to more than sixty African-American men who were interested in â€Å"organized, determined and aggressive action on the part of men who believe in Negro freedom and growth.† As an assembled group, the men cultivated a â€Å"Declaration of Principles† which declared that the Niagara Movement’s focus would be on fighting for political and social equality in the United States. Specifically, the Niagara Movement was interested in the criminal and judicial process as well as improving the quality of education, health and living standards of African-Americans. The organization’s belief of directly combating racism and segregation in the United States was in great opposition to Washington’s position that African-Americans should focus on building â€Å"industry, thrift, intelligence and property† before demanding an end to segregation. However, educated and skilled African-American members argued that â€Å"persistent manly agitation is the way to liberty† remained strongly in their beliefs in peaceful protests and organized resistance to laws that disenfranchised African-Americans. Actions of the Niagara Movement: Following its first meeting on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls, members of the organization met annually at sites that were symbolic to African-Americans. For instance, in 1906, the organization met at Harpers Ferry and in 1907, in Boston. Local chapters of the Niagara Movement were vital to carrying out the organizations manifesto. Initiatives include: The Chicago Chapter demanded that an African-American representation on the New Chicago Charter Committee. This initiative helped avoid segregation in Chicago public schools.The Massachusetts Chapter fought against legalizing segregated railroad cars in the state.Members of the Massachusetts Chapter also lobbied for all Virginians to be admitted to the Jamestown Exposition.Various chapters also protested viewings of Clansmen in their respective towns. Division within the Movement: From the outset, the Niagara Movement faced a number of organizational issues including: Du Bois desire to accept womens into the organization.   while Trotter believed it was best managed by men.Trotter opposed Du Bois insistence to include women. He left   the organization in 1908 to form the Negro-American Political League.With more political clout and financial backing, Washington successfully weakened the organizations ability to appeal to the African-American press.As a result of little publicity in the press, the Niagara Movement was unable to gain the support of African-Americans of varying social classes. Disbanding of the Niagara Movement: Plagued by internal differences and financial difficulties, the Niagara Movement held its final meeting in 1908. That same year, the Springfield Race Riots erupted. Eight African-Americans were killed and more than 2,000 left the town. Following the riots African-American as well as white activists agreed that integration was the key to fighting racism. As a result, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was established in 1909. Du Bois and white social activist Mary White Ovington were founding members of the organization.

The Principles Of Systems Analysis And Design Essay

Task 1) The principles of systems analysis and design a. Principles of systems analysis Development Lifecycle Models Waterfall Model Feasibility – Analysis - Design – Implementation - Testing - Maintenance - http://coldstar14.blogspot.co.uk/2013/01/project-planning-illustrate-typical.html V-shaped model Rapid Application Development (RAD) Define the problem Build a PROTOTYPE Compare the prototype to the defined Requirements Make improvements Spiral Model – is mainly used in larger development projects. The stages are arranged in a spica Requirements gathering Risk analysis Prototyping Costing Testing Customer evaluation Tools and techniques SSADM stands for Structure System Analysis and Design Methodology Diagram shows on example of SSADM diagram stages. Stage 0 feasibility - Stage 1 Investigation of current requirements - Stage 2 Business System Options - Stage 3 Definition of requirements - Stage 4 Technical Systems Options - Stage 5 Logical Design - Stage 6 Physical Design – Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) Description Diagram show the actions taking place on business Symbols used in a DFD External Entities Data flows Processes Data stores Computer-Aided Software Engineering tools (CASE) and an example such as Microsoft Visio. Computer-Aided Engineering Tools (CASE) Using a software to create diagrams such as DFDs Example –Show MoreRelatedNtp Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagestransfer (REST) technology, an architectural style and approach to communications often used in web services development. Many worldwide used APIs are analysed not to be fully compliant to the principles of HTTP. In this work, I intend to study description documents of REST APIs and perform structural analysis. Few real-world API descriptions would be the data for this study. REST is a very popular architectural choice for building Web-based applications due to its resources.. Moreover, based on theRead MoreEssay about A Study of WaterFall, a Software Development Model653 Words   |  3 Pagesproposed in 1970 by w.w. Royce, in which development is seen as flowing steadily through the phase of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, (validation), integration, and maintenance†. Waterfall method is the first published model of a software development process (1970). The basic principle is that the different processes (Analysis, Design, Coding, and Testing) are done sequentially. Output from one process is input to the next. Waterfall method advantagesRead MoreSystems Analysis And Design Paper1574 Words   |  7 PagesSystems analysis and design Software projects have a poor track record and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology stated that in 2003, software bugs cost domestic companies $59.5 billion (0.6% of GNP). The failure of IT costs the U.S. economy about $50-$150 billion annually (Budzier, 2014). In 2005, the FBI abandoned their Virtual Case File (VCF) project after spending over $100,000,000 on code that will never be used. Even so, the need for IT projects keeps increasing. (BudzierRead MoreA Report On Systems Engineering Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pages Systems Engineering of Zipcar Michelle Lyons Colorado State University 2525 Wewatta Way Apt. 233 Denver, CO 80216 Abstract. This report applies systems engineering thinking and principles to the concept development of the car-sharing system known as Zipcar. Initially introduced in 2000, Zipcar addressed various needs and implemented successful solutions through a well-developed system. This report offers the exploration of multiple car-sharing system concepts. The analysis ofRead MoreThe Project Of Cathedral Hill Hospital With Lean Culture1073 Words   |  5 Pagesof Cathedral Hill Hospital with Lean Culture Other Lean techniques that the researcher obtained through analyzing collected data are â€Å"customer-supplier† standpoints and the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) approach. Fundamentally projects utilized Lean principles will pay more attention on the demands of customers to supply exactly what they need and require; therefore, this technique significantly reduce needlessly waste of the project. Likewise, PDSA is mentioned in the continuous improvement of the projectRead MoreSoftware Development : The Spiral Model Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesdespite the talent and effort put into action by analysts, programmers and users so that the new system to function properly and on time are obtained. Spiral model In the spiral model, the software is developed in a series of incremental versions. During the first iterations, the incremental version could be a paper model or prototype. During the last iterations, increasingly comprehensive system designed versions are produced. ï‚ § Regions Task Model: The spiral pattern is divided into a number ofRead MoreOutline The Principles Of System Analysis1619 Words   |  7 PagesOutline the principles of system analysis Need for Growth The drivers are need for advance and many businesses need to expand into new markets they develop new products and also increase their turnover and profits for them to do this they have` to plan effectively and they often will have to incorporates system analysis. Need to increase productivity The sales may have improved but there is also a need to improve capacity, also the activity of the competitors may require that the company their abilityRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1220 Words   |  5 Pagessell† resulted in over 400 burn deaths. The cases involving the explosion of Ford Pinto s due to a defective fuel system design led to the debate of many issues, most centering around the use by Ford of a cost-benefit analysis and the ethics surrounding its decision not to upgrade the fuel system. The issue is should a risk/benefit analysis be used in situations where a defect in design or manufacturing could lead to death or seriously bodily harm, such as in the Ford Pinto situation? Case Background:Read MoreImprove ATM Security by Face Recognition Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pageschecking balance withdraw money, changing pin numbers etc. The ATM cards and pin numbers are used for security purpose. But this system is using SIM card in place of ATM cards. In order to improve security the system first authenticate the person if he/she is recognized then it will ask the password of the account. This system used Spartan 3 FPGA board to control the system. One buzzer is connected on the FPGA board which gives instructions to the user to access the Account. If the person is not authenticatedRead MoreThe Principles Of Systems Analysis1674 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 11 Systems analysis Design 29/09/2014 The principles of systems analysis Iain’s Co Iain’s Co. are a large building company that currently employ a team of IT technicians to help them manage their IT infrastructure and their IT users. They recently have taken over a similar small company that employs technical staff in the same way. Iain’s Co. feel that they need a centralised IT support system that will monitor, track and report problems that have been identified by their IT users across

The Brahma Kumaris Meditation Center - 963 Words

â€Å"The more you meditate, the more helpful you can be to others, and the more deeply you will be in tune with God.† This quote was said by Paramahansa Yogananda and is a wonderful quote that spoke to me because I do have a close relationship to God and being helpful to other people is really important to me. I attended the Brahma Kumaris meditation center to learn more about what meditation consists of and expand my knowledge on why this is a big part in the Hindu religion. In class we I learned about the different types of yoga that is practiced in Hinduism. Jhana yoga, Bhakti yoga, Karma yoga, and Raja yoga are the different types of yoga practiced and I had some sort of understanding on what I would possibly see in the meditation session. I did some research on what the Brahma Kumaris meditation center was about and their main goal. In the Brahma Kumaris meditation center they focus on specifically raja yoga and focusing on self reflection and positivity. My first sessi on at the meditation center was enlightening and very interesting because of the new things I learned and what they focus on to help people overcome obstacles in their lives. The main goal of raja yoga is to achieve control over the mind and emotions, to prevent negative thoughts and focus on the positive aspects in your life and in general. My initial reaction once I was inside the meditation center was that it was small and the atmosphere was comfortable. It felt like a safe place to meditate and had no

Grain of Manhood free essay sample

A baby Is born amongst the stars. This baby Is the grain of manhood In two mens lives; or a man and an aliens. James, a human man, Incapable of making a child Is given his grain of manhood. A child born with his own features. Colander, an alien, is man enough to give up his son for the happiness of the woman who gave birth to the boy. The baby itself is the grain of manhood, and will be in two mens hearts for the rest of his life. Part human part Envied, he gave two men hope and happiness.There are at least three people on Extra besides us who know I am sterile. (page 200) A sterile man, in his own eyes, is not much off man. He is unable to give life, yet his wife Is pregnant. When Colander, the alien that impregnated his wife, allowed her to come back to earth, she did did not know that she would be helping her husband gain a little bit of his manhood back. We will write a custom essay sample on Grain of Manhood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout this story, the two are constantly bickering; the man wants to know how his wife Is pregnant, and the wife wants to know why the husband cares so much.A virgin birth would have seemed more reasonable to you (page 200) It is understandable why James is upset. He knows that this baby is not his, and when the baby is born, it would make him ashamed, because many people would know that is was not his baby. Some people may even think that his wife went to someone else, Just so she could be pregnant. A full frontal strike to his manhood. When the baby is born, the unexpected happened; the baby looked Just like him. He was a complete replica of James, down to the last eat lock of dark hair on his forehead (page 209).In a sense, this baby gave James something that he thought he had lost; A last grain of manhood, because no one would question whether he was capable of having a child anymore. Colander, an alien from the planet Never. He Is a Novel, and Is capable of deciding how his children will look. All Envied parents have a choice in deciding before the child is born what form it will take externally, not in the vital organs. (page 205). Though he is not a true man, he is capable of giving Ella what she wanted; A baby.Colander helps Ella while she is living on his planet. He gives her food, shelter and protection. When Ella declared that she wanted to leave, he allowed her to; even though she was carrying her son. What Ella did not know thought, was that Colander decided to make his child look like James, and not himself. One would have to be a real man to let his only son go like that, and In the form of another being; a human. Even though Colander is not a man, he gains a grain of manhood by doing this.He gains a grain of manhood by giving up his only son, for Leas peppiness. The baby, Colander;s only son, is now in the care of two humans. Though he is a Envied, and a human unable to create a child. He is the result off crashed ship, but in the end he means more to three people than he will ever know. He is probably the only child who is loved on Earth and on Never, though Colander would never admit it. This small gift of life ties two people together, who could have fallen apart, Ella and James. He will be their life from now on, this small grain of manhood.The title relates to the story in three ways: through Colander, through James, and through the baby. Both Colander and James gain a grain of manhood back when the baby is born, therefore the baby acts as a grain of manhood to both men. James now has a baby with his features, and Colander was man enough to let Ella go back to Extra, even though she carried his child. This baby, part envied, now living on earth, kept two people together the moment he took his first breath. He was born amongst the stars, and will be remembered from Extra to Never, and across the universe.